# Martin Kleppmann et al. - You own your data, in spite of the cloud (Highlights) ![rw-book-cover|256](https://www.inkandswitch.com/essay/local-first/cuneiform.jpg) ## Metadata **Review**:: [readwise.io](https://readwise.io/bookreview/61259732) **Source**:: #from/readwise #from/reader **Zettel**:: #zettel/fleeting **Status**:: #x **Authors**:: [[Martin Kleppmann]], [[Adam Wiggins]], [[Peter van Hardenberg]], [[Mark McGranaghan]] **Full Title**:: You own your data, in spite of the cloud **Category**:: #articles #readwise/articles **Category Icon**:: 📰 **URL**:: [www.inkandswitch.com](https://www.inkandswitch.com/essay/local-first/) **Host**:: [[www.inkandswitch.com]] **Highlighted**:: [[2026-06-12]] **Created**:: [[2026-06-13]] ## Highlights - [Git](https://git-scm.com) and [GitHub](https://github.com) are primarily used by software engineers to collaborate on source code. They are perhaps the closest thing we have to a true local-first software package ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01kty02wa0k1hs8wqvg2dpqwc0)) ^1024617297 - We think the Git model points the way toward a future for local-first software. ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01kty0396ksm4p6zxdjh14f80k)) ^1024617314 - We have found some technologies that appear to be promising foundations for local-first ideals. Most notably are the family of distributed systems algorithms called [Conflict-free Replicated Data Types](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict-free_replicated_data_type) (CRDTs). ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01kty07j1ga2rcfeqsezpbbrs0)) ^1024618998 - For a more technical introduction to CRDTs we suggest: • Alexei Baboulevitch’s [Data Laced with History](http://archagon.net/blog/2018/03/24/data-laced-with-history/) • Martin Kleppmann’s [Convergence vs Consensus](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5NULPSiOGw) ([slides](https://speakerdeck.com/ept/convergence-versus-consensus-crdts-and-the-quest-for-distributed-consistency)) • Shapiro et al.'s [comprehensive survey](https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00555588/document) • Attiya et al.'s [formal specification of collaborative text editing](http://software.imdea.org/~gotsman/papers/editing-podc16.pdf) • Gomes et al.'s [formal verification of CRDTs](https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3152284.3133933) ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01kty0bpab4hdyqrhdy9e8nrwk)) ^1024619393 #further-reading - Ink & Switch has developed an open-source, JavaScript CRDT implementation called [Automerge](https://github.com/automerge/automerge). ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01kty0efa6h172qsf1r2hcg8c7)) ^1024619577 - [Pixelpusher](https://github.com/automerge/pixelpusher#readme) is a collaborative drawing program, bringing a Figma-like real-time experience to [Javier Valencia](https://www.jvalen.com)’s [Pixel Art to CSS](https://www.pixelartcss.com). ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01kty0g3zaf2mht6328c1rkp2c)) ^1024619688 #sparkle