# Ivaylo Durmonski - 7 Mental Models for Learning (Highlights)  ## Highlights ### 1. Circle of Competence - lainly, we think that we know a lot more than what we actually know. - Figuring out what’s your edge in a given situation and using it in the best possible way. ### 2. Thought Experiment - A thought experiment is a way to flex your brain and explore a particular concept in a detailed manner. ### 3. Occam’s Razor - Occam’s razor is a mental model that explains that when we have two explanations for the same thing, the simpler explanation should be preferred. ### 4. Availability Heuristic - In short, the availability heuristic states that we make decisions and conclusions based on the most recent information we have ingested. - What you see is not everything that’s available. - In the world of knowledge, the best-selling books are the most available. But that doesn’t mean that there aren’t others. Others that are better and that can teach us more. ### 5. Hindsight Bias - When we look back, we always see past events as being predictable. However, that’s because we now know what happened. Thus, we are biased. ### 6. Common knowledge - Common knowledge aims to describe the things that everybody knows. - If you want to shine, you need to know more than the common knowledge in this field. - Outlining the common knowledge in your field and learning extra things will qualify you as rare and unique. Thus, desirable. ### 7. Feynman Learning Technique - Pretend that you’re teaching the concept to a child